Turkey - 聖蘇菲亞大教堂 Ayasofya (St.Sophia) ,Hagia Sophia Inwards Turkey

November 27, 2018

Hagia Sophia

Hagia Sophia is a onetime Orthodox patriarchal basilica, later a mosque, as well as straight off a museum inwards Istanbul, Turkey. From the appointment of its dedication inwards 360 until 1453, it served every bit the Greek Patriarchal cathedral of Constantinople, except betwixt 1204 as well as 1261, when it was converted to a Roman Catholic cathedral nether the Latin Patriarch of Constantinople of the Western Crusader established Latin Empire.

Lustration urn from Pergamon

The edifice was a mosque from 29 May 1453 until 1931, when it was secularized. It was opened every bit a museum on 1 Feb 1935.

Interior thought of the Hagia Sophia, showing Islamic elements on the piece of occupation yesteryear of the principal dome

The Church was dedicated to the Logos, the minute individual of the Holy Trinity,[2] its dedication feast taking house on 25 December, the anniversary of the incarnation of the Logos inwards Christ. Although it is sometimes referred to every bit Sancta Sophia (as though it were named after Saint Sophia), sophia is the phonetic spelling inwards Latin of the Greek discussion for wisdom – the sum advert inwards Greek beingness Ναός τῆς Ἁγίας τοῦ Θεοῦ Σοφίας, "Church of the Holy Wisdom of God".

Famous inwards item for its massive dome, it is considered the paradigm of Byzantine architecture as well as is said to convey "changed the history of architecture." It was the largest cathedral inwards the footing for nearly a K years, until Seville Cathedral was completed inwards 1520.

Marble blocks from the minute church

The electrical flow edifice was originally constructed every bit a church building betwixt 532 as well as 537 on the orders of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian as well as was the tertiary Church of the Holy Wisdom to occupy the site, the previous ii having both been destroyed yesteryear rioters. It was designed yesteryear the Greek scientists Isidore of Miletus, a physicist, as well as Anthemius of Tralles, a mathematician.

The church building contained a large collection of holy relics as well as featured, amid other things, a 49 human foot (15 m) Ag iconostasis. It was the topographic point of the Patriarch of Constantinople as well as the religious focal signal of the Eastern Orthodox Church for nearly i K years. It is the church building inwards which Cardinal Humbert inwards 1054 excommunicated Michael I Cerularius – which is ordinarily considered the kickoff of the Great Schism.

Fountain (Şadırvan) for ritual ablutions

The mihrab located inwards the apse where the altar used to stand, pointing towards Mecca

One of the mighty rock columns alongside metallic clasps

In 1453, Constantinople was conquered yesteryear the Ottoman Turks nether Sultan Mehmed II, who afterward ordered the edifice converted into a mosque. The bells, altar, iconostasis, as well as sacrificial vessels were removed as well as many of the mosaics were plastered over.

nterior of the Hagia Sophia yesteryear John Singer Sargent, 1891

Islamic features – such every bit the mihrab, minbar, as well as 4 minarets – were added piece inwards the possession of the Ottomans. It remained a mosque until 1931 when it was unopen to the populace for 4 years. It was re-opened inwards 1935 every bit a museum yesteryear the Republic of Turkey.

For nigh 500 years the principal mosque of Istanbul, Hagia Sophia served every bit a model for many other Ottoman mosques, such every bit the Sultan Ahmed Mosque (Blue Mosque of Istanbul), the Şehzade Mosque, the Süleymaniye Mosque, the Rüstem Pasha Mosque as well as the Kılıç Ali Paşa Mosque.